Final answer:
A counseling psychologist typically does not treat serious mental disorders, instead focusing on the wellbeing of psychologically healthy individuals. Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists both address serious mental health issues, with psychiatrists also able to prescribe medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
You asked which mental health professional does NOT typically treat clients with serious mental disorders from the following options: a) clinical psychologist, b) counseling psychologist, c) psychiatrist, d) psychoanalyst. The counseling psychologist is the professional that usually does not treat serious mental disorders. Instead, they focus on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals. Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists both treat serious mental disorders, with clinical psychologists conducting therapy and assessments, and psychiatrists able to prescribe medication due to their medical degrees.
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as an organizational psychologist. Psychologists focus on mental health and personal identity formation, while sociologists are more concerned with societal functions and larger social systems. When an individual completes the required education and state requirements, including passing a licensure exam, they can call themselves licensed clinical or counseling psychologists.