Final answer:
Self-concept is how individuals see themselves, encompassing beliefs, desires, values, and attributes. Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's own abilities. Congruence is the alignment between one's self-perception and their actions. (Option A).
Step-by-step explanation:
The beliefs, desires, values, and attributes that define a person to themselves are known as self-concept. Similarly, our confidence in their own abilities is termed self-efficacy, while the idea that our self-perception should align with our actions refers to congruence. Carl Rogers, a humanistic theorist, highlighted the importance of self-concept and the need for congruence between the ideal self and the real self for a healthy sense of self-worth. Personality, defined by enduring traits and patterns of behavior, is what makes us unique. Ultimately, our identity is shaped by various factors including culture, upbringing, and personal experiences.
Answering the specific questions:
- The beliefs, desires, values, and attributes that define a person to her- or himself are called: a) Self-concept.
- Your level of confidence in your own abilities is known as a. self-efficacy.
- The concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs is known as a. selective migration.
- The idea that people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is called d. congruence.