Question

In the study where participants learned a list of new words underwater or above ground, their memory retrieval was dependent on:

a) The method of learning
b) The location of the initial learning
c) The time of day
d) The length of the word list

Answer 1

The study found that memory retrieval was dependent on the method of learning, specifically semantic processing of words and their meaning.

Step-by-step explanation:

The study conducted by psychologists Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving (1975) found that memory retrieval was dependent on the method of learning rather than the location, time of day, or length of the word list. Participants were given words and asked questions about them, which required them to process the words at different levels. The results showed that the semantic processing questions, which asked about the meaning of the words, led to better memory retrieval. This suggests that encoding words and their meaning through semantic processing results in the best memory of verbal information.