Final answer:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory posits that basic physiological needs must be met before individuals can attend to higher-level psychological needs and self-actualization. True is the correct answer, reflecting the structure of the hierarchy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology that implies a person's basic needs must be fulfilled before they can address higher-level psychological needs and pursue self-actualization. True is the correct answer to the student's question, as Maslow did indeed believe that fundamental physiological necessities like food, water, and shelter are prerequisites for fulfilling psychological and self-fulfillment needs. Once these are met, individuals can then focus on higher-order needs such as safety, love and belonging, esteem, and finally self-actualization. Moreover, Maslow later introduced the concept of self-transcendence as a level above self-actualization, representing a motivation to achieve a higher purpose beyond one's own needs.
Maslow's framework suggests that human motivation progresses through an ascending order of needs, starting with physiological ones and moving towards self-fulfillment. It is worth noting that this hierarchy has been subject to criticism, particularly regarding its inability to accommodate real-world phenomena where higher-level needs might be pursued even if lower-level needs remain unmet. Nonetheless, Maslow's theory has had a substantial impact on our understanding of human motivation and personality development.