Final answer:
Hamartia refers to the fatal flaw of the protagonist that leads to their downfall in Greek tragedies. It is often exemplified by hubris, excessive pride. The protagonist's realization of their flaw and the resulting suffering leads to catharsis.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Greek tragedies, the fatal flaw of the protagonist leading to their downfall is known as hamartia. It is a character flaw that causes the hero to make a significant error or have a major misconception. This flaw is often exemplified by excessive pride or hubris, where the protagonist's arrogance leads to their downfall. The protagonist's realization of their flaw and the suffering experienced by themselves and others is a crucial element of the tragedy, leading to catharsis. The reversal of fortune experienced by the tragic hero is called peripeteia.