Final answer:
The Italian-born sailor who sailed for England is not listed, but the one who reached Brazil and claimed it for Portugal was Pedro Cabral. Columbus sailed for Spain, while Vespucci, also Italian, sailed for Portugal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Italian-born sailor who explored and sailed for England is not present in the options provided since Christopher Columbus sailed for Spain, and Amerigo Vespucci, although Italian, sailed for the Portuguese crown. Regarding the first explorer to reach Brazil and claim it for the throne of Portugal, the correct answer is Pedro Cabral. Columbus is credited with discovering the Americas for the Spanish monarchy, not for England, and while he believed he had reached Asia, it was later proved by explorers such as Magellan that the lands Columbus found were part of a previously unknown continent. Meanwhile, Vespucci also sailed under the Portuguese flag and realized that the lands were not Asia, leading to the naming of the Americas.