Final answer:
Determinism is the philosophical belief that human actions are governed by pre-existing causes, contrasting existentialism's view of individual freedom and choice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The modernist idea that postulates that people are trapped by conditions imposed on them by human nature, society, and the world is Determinism.
Determinism is the philosophical concept that all events, including moral choices, are determined completely by previously existing causes. In the context of human freedom and ethics, determinism suggests that individual actions are not freely chosen but are instead dictated by the circumstances of nature and societal constructs. This is in contrast to existentialism, which posits that individuals are free to make their own choices and must shoulder the responsibility that comes with that freedom.
Determinism challenges the existentialist notion of radical freedom by arguing that every event, action, and decision is the inevitable result of an unbroken chain of occurrences leading back to the dawn of time.