Final answer:
The correct word to complete the sentence is 'perceive,' indicating that the student's brain interprets the sensory input as the sound of a garbage truck, aligning with the principles of bottom-up processing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's auditory system has detected a noise, which the brain has to interpret and classify based on the previously acquired knowledge about the source of similar sounds. The correct word to fill in the blank is perceive, which means to become aware of something via the senses.
In this case, the noise, identified by the sensory systems, is perceived to be the sound of a garbage truck, which is an interpretation based on the experience of hearing similar sounds in the past. This perception is an example of bottom-up processing, a term that refers to the system in which perceptions are built from sensory input without the influence of prior knowledge or expectations.