Final answer:
Smartphone data has shown that self-reported stress is related to daily and nightly activity patterns, particularly due to cyber hassles on social media affecting sleep and overall well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
Smartphone data has revealed that self-reported stress is correlated with information relating to patterns of day and night-time activity. This is because cyber hassles, which often occur on social media, can represent a modern source of stress. Research, including a study by DeLongis et al. (1982), demonstrates that daily hassles are a better predictor of both physical and psychological health than life change events, affecting us both emotionally and physically. In particular, social media stress has been linked to loss of sleep in adolescents, as ruminating about social media can cause a physiological stress response that increases arousal, as found in the study by van der Schuur, Baumgartner, & Sumter (2018). Furthermore, the constant presence of smartphones, as indicated by individuals sleeping with their phones nearby to not miss calls or updates, contributes to this stress and impacts the ability to disconnect, affecting overall well-being.