Final answer:
The correct answer is b. less; top-down. Individuals with schizophrenia are less susceptible to the Charlie Chaplin illusion because their top-down cognitive processes are weaker.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is b. less; top-down. Individuals with schizophrenia are less susceptible to the Charlie Chaplin illusion because their top-down cognitive processes are weaker.
The Charlie Chaplin illusion is an optical illusion where a person's perception is influenced by prior knowledge or expectations. In this illusion, a video of someone wearing a large hat is shown, and the viewer is asked to estimate the height of the person. People without schizophrenia tend to be influenced by the size of the hat and overestimate the person's height, while people with schizophrenia are less influenced by the hat and give more accurate estimates.
This difference in susceptibility to the Charlie Chaplin illusion is believed to be due to differences in cognitive processing. Top-down processing refers to the use of prior knowledge, expectations, and context to interpret sensory information. People without schizophrenia rely more on top-down processes to interpret the illusion, while people with schizophrenia have weaker top-down processes and rely more on bottom-up processes, which are based solely on the sensory information.