Final answer:
The comparison in the question highlights two distinct types of symptoms in schizophrenia, with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex being associated with negative symptoms, and the medial prefrontal cortex associated with positive symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is b. negative symptoms; positive symptoms.
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder that presents with a range of symptoms, which are often categorized into positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, whereas negative symptoms refer to the absence or diminution of normal behaviors and functions, such as a flattened emotional state and loss of pleasure.
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with the regulation of emotional responses and planning, and its dysfunction can be related to negative symptoms, whereas the medial prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in complex cognitive behavior and decision making, and its impairment has been linked to positive symptoms in schizophrenia.