Final answer:
The EEG activity that is associated with specific sensory, cognitive, or motor events is known as event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs are obtained through EEG, which records the brain's electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. So the correct answer is option (B).
Step-by-step explanation:
EEG activity related to a particular event, such as the presentation of a picture or sound, is called event-related potentials (ERPs). This is a measure of the brain's electrical activity as a response to specific sensory, cognitive, or motor events. Through the placement of electrodes around a person's head, non-invasive EEG recordings are taken, providing detailed information about the frequency and amplitude of brainwaves.
ERPs are especially useful for studying cognitive processes and sleep patterns among individuals with sleep disorders, distinguishing them from other electrophysiological recordings such as spike trains or imaging techniques like diffusion tension imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These measures are pivotal in understanding how the brain functions and reacts to different stimuli.