Final answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru saw science and industrialization as critical for India's modernization and prosperity, whereas Mohandas Gandhi was concerned these forces could undermine Indian culture and favored traditional methods of self-sufficiency. Nehru promoted science education and nationalized industries, while Gandhi stressed cultural preservation and traditional practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The differing perspectives of Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohandas Gandhi on science and modernization were rooted in their visions for India's future. Nehru believed in the transformative power of science and industrialization to promote economic growth and modernize India. He supported the nationalization of industries, and saw science education as essential for progress. For Nehru, science could lead to social mobility and technological innovation, which were necessary for a prosperous and independent India. Conversely, Gandhi was more skeptical about the impacts of industrialization and prioritized the preservation of India's cultural and traditional practices. He advocated for self-sufficiency through traditional methods like hand-spinning yarn and was concerned that science and machinery, exemplified by industrial powers like Britain, could erode India's rich heritage and self-reliance.
To answer the student's question, Nehru and Gandhi's ideas on science differed in that Nehru viewed science as a vehicle for India's prosperity and modernization (option b), whereas Gandhi preferred traditional methods and was wary of the potential for science and industry to undermine Indian culture (option c).