Final answer:
The incident that focused Gandhi's attention against racial discrimination was being denied entry to a train in South Africa. At Amritsar in 1919, British Indian Army troops fired on Indian protestors in an event known as the Amritsar Massacre. The correct answer is option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The early incident that focused Mohandas Gandhi's attention against racial discrimination was a) Being denied entry to a train. While living in South Africa, Gandhi faced racial segregation firsthand when he was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg station for sitting in a first-class compartment despite holding a valid ticket. This experience was a pivotal moment for him, marking the beginning of his lifetime commitment to fighting inequality and leading non-violent resistance movements.
Regarding Amritsar in 1919, the correct answer is b) British Indian Army troops fired on Indian protestors. Known as the Amritsar Massacre, this brutal event on April 13, 1919, occurred when troops under British command opened fire on a large group of unarmed Indian civilians who were gathered to protest peacefully, resulting in hundreds of deaths and over a thousand injuries. This incident drastically escalated the Indian struggle for independence and increased support for Gandhi's methods of non-violent protest and civil disobedience.