Final answer:
The term Mahatma Gandhi coined for the 'untouchable' caste to promote their societal integration is 'Harijan,' which translates to 'Children of God'. This was part of Gandhi's efforts to address the deep-rooted social exclusion faced by this group, who fell outside the traditional Indian caste system. The correct answer is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name for the "untouchable" caste that Gandhi adopted to help integrate them into society is a) Harijan (Children of God). Mahatma Gandhi introduced this term to highlight their value and to promote their acceptance in the social structure. The English translation of Harijan is indeed 'Children of God'. Gandhi's effort was to improve the status of this community which was at the bottom of the traditional Indian caste system.
The caste system in India categorized society into various social layers, traditionally four main castes known as Varnas: 1. Brahmin (priests, teachers, and judges), 2. Kshatriya (warrior, ruler, or landowner), 3. Vaishya (merchants, artisans, and farmers), and 4. Shudra (workers and laborers). Below these was a group considered outside the caste system, the Dalits (also known as Untouchables or by Gandhi's term Harijan), who were subject to severe discrimination and exclusion. The correct answer is A.