Final answer:
The false statement about personality factors found in various non-U.S. cultures is that they are universally consistent across all cultures. Cultural context significantly influences personality traits, challenging the universality of the Big Five model.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is FALSE regarding the additional personality factors found in various non-U.S. cultures is: b) They are universally consistent across all cultures. Research into the Big Five personality factors, which include conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion, has shown that cultural influences play a significant role in shaping personality. In collectivist cultures, such as those found in Asia, Africa, and South America, there is a value placed on social harmony and group needs, leading to more socially oriented personality traits.
Studies using instruments like the Eysenk Personality Inventory in collectivist societies have underlined the importance of context in assessing personality. This challenges the completeness of the Big Five model, hence points a) and d) are true. Additionally, different cultures can give rise to unique personality traits not captured by the Big Five, supporting point c) and further contradicting b).