Question

A research study by Williams and Best (1990) examined gender equality by asking men and women from 14 different countries to answer questions about how each gender should act. Which of the following statements is an accurate description of their findings?

a) There was universal agreement on gender roles across all countries.
b) Gender roles varied significantly across the 14 countries.
c) Gender roles were consistent in Western but not non-Western countries. d) Non-Western countries had more egalitarian views on gender roles.

Answer 1

The study by Williams and Best (1990) showed that gender roles vary significantly across countries, influenced by cultural, economic, and social factors. There is no universal consensus on gender roles, and they are subject to change and differ widely by geography.

Step-by-step explanation:

The research study by Williams and Best (1990) found that gender roles varied significantly across the 14 countries. This suggests that while there might be some universal aspects of gender roles, the specific expectations and behaviors associated with them can differ greatly from one culture to another. It's important to note that gender roles are influenced by a variety of factors, including economic systems, societal values, and the process of socialization. In some societies, gender roles can be more fluid, allowing for greater flexibility and egalitarian views.

However, in others, traditional roles may be more rigidly enforced, and deviations from these norms can be met with disapproval or even stigma. Cultural research like Mead's and studies on parenting and occupation trends support this view, as they highlight both the variation and the potential for change in gender role expectations.