Final answer:
In the Medieval period, knights were primarily involved in military service to protect their homeland and serve their lords within the feudal system while following the chivalric code of conduct.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Medieval period, knights were required to perform a variety of duties and adhere to the social and military framework of their time. In a society based on feudalism, which emerged from the need for security and was characterized by relationships of service and land tenure, knights owed military service to their lords in exchange for the right to rent from lands and manors. Knights were expected to follow codes of conduct such as chivalry, which included protecting the church, women, and the defenseless, as well as observing periods of truce and respecting religiously significant days.
The correct answer to the student's question, "What were knights required to do during the Medieval period?", is option b) Protect their homeland. This encompasses their primary role within the feudal system, under which they served as vassals to a lord and provided military support in exchange for fiefs, or land grants.