Final answer:
The literary method that disregards authorship and authorial intention in interpreting meaning is called Intentional Fallacy, part of the New Criticism school of thought.
Step-by-step explanation:
The method of literary interpretation that considers authorship and authorial intention irrelevant to determining meaning is known as Intentional Fallacy. This concept is rooted in the New Criticism approach, which emphasizes that the meaning of a literary work should be sought in its formal elements and structure, rather than the purported intentions of its author or its impact on the reader's emotions, a trap known as the affective fallacy. The related biographical fallacy warns against interpreting literature based on the author's life story. These principles suggest that the meaning of literary works is not fixed by the author's intent but is instead open to interpretation by the readers, making the author's personal interpretation just one among many possible understandings.