Final answer:
A method of literary interpretation that emphasizes structure in analyzing a text is New Criticism. It involves close reading and understanding the organic structure that integrates form and theme. This method contrasts with Structuralism and Post-Structuralism/Deconstruction, which view texts as systems of signs with variable meanings.
Step-by-step explanation:
A method of literary interpretation that focuses primarily on the structure to interpret a text is referred to as New Criticism. This approach emphasizes close reading and considers the literary work as possessing an organic structure that leads to unity or harmony.
Through its philosophy of close reading, New Criticism scrutinizes the interplay between form and theme, suggesting that both are inseparable. An examination of a literary work's character development, plot construction, or use of imagery through this lens is an application of New Criticism, where the unity of form and meaning is central.
Contrarily, Structuralism is related to the examination of literature as a complex system of signs, constructing meaning in relation to other words and structures within a cultural context. Post-Structuralism and Deconstruction, similar but different in their rejection of definitive interpretations of texts, suggest that literary language is inherently ambiguous, and texts do not have a single, fixed meaning.
This approach, largely associated with Jacques Derrida, opens up a text to multiple interpretations, destabilizing the idea of a text having a fixed center. While Structuralism seeks to understand a text's place in a broader linguistic framework, Post-Structuralism/Deconstruction emphasizes the variability and multiplicity of meaning.
Therefore answer is d) New Criticism.