Final answer:
The French crusaders and barons of Jerusalem urged Richard I to retake Jerusalem during the Third Crusade, but he negotiated a treaty with Saladin to allow Christian pilgrims safe access instead.
Step-by-step explanation:
The barons of Jerusalem and the French crusaders, against the wishes of Richard I, commonly known as Richard the Lionheart, urged him to retake Jerusalem. During the Third Crusade (1189-1192), they desired to reclaim the city that was of great spiritual significance to them, as it was seen as a 'gateway to heaven' and a place teeming with sacred relics.
Richard I, facing these pressures, sought a different path and instead negotiated a treaty with Saladin, a respected Muslim leader, which allowed the city to remain under Muslim control while granting Christian pilgrims safe access. This outcome was seen as a capitulation by many, highlighting the complex nature of crusader zeal and motivations which included religious fervor, adventure, and the pursuit of land and titles. Despite the barons' urgings, the crusade ended without the recapture of Jerusalem but established a precarious peace that permitted religious visits to the holy sites.