Final answer:
Richard the Lionhearted invaded Cyprus on May 6, 1191, during the Third Crusade, partly to establish a strategic base for the Crusaders in the Eastern Mediterranean and enhance military operations. Despite not capturing Jerusalem, Richard secured a treaty with Saladin that permitted Christian pilgrims to visit the city.
Step-by-step explanation:
The invasion of Cyprus by Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionhearted, was part of the larger context of the Third Crusade (1189-1192).
This crusade was primarily launched due to concerns that Outremer, the name given to the collection of Christian states in the Middle East, was under threat of being entirely conquered by Muslim forces, as well as the desire to recapture Jerusalem.
During the crusade, internal disputes and power struggles among the crusaders and the local Christian aristocracy of Outremer occurred.
Nevertheless, they managed to achieve some victories such as the conquest of Cyprus and parts of the Holy Land coastline, although they did not succeed in reclaiming all of their desired territories.