Final answer:
The term 'analogy' is used for a type of comparison that emphasizes similarities between two seemingly unrelated items. It is often utilized in English writing to make complex subjects more understandable by relating them to familiar situations. Analogies are structured to begin with a comparison followed by detailed explanations of the similarities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The blank in the question "A(n)_________ as a special type of comparison that calls attention to one or more similarities underlying two kinds of an item that seem to have nothing in common" is best filled with the term analogy. An analogy is a reasoning strategy used in writing to explain one element by comparing it to another, unrelated element. The purpose of using analogy is often to highlight a less obvious similarity between two different things. A common instance where analogy is used is to clarify complex ideas or concepts by relating them to more familiar situations. In using analogies, it is essential to choose comparisons that reveal significant insights into the subjects being compared, rather than focusing on superficial similarities or differences. For instance, comparing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to a robbery spree might be effective in illustrating the sudden and widespread nature of its effects on a community.
When crafting comparisons and contrasts, writers examine both similarities and differences, and sometimes, the point of focus might be an unexpected similarity or difference. To engage the reader and provide clear understanding, analogies are structured carefully, beginning with the statement of comparison, and then delving into reasons or explanations of the similarities. This strategy enhances the reader's comprehension of the subject matter, particularly when dealing with intricate topics. In summary, using analogies is a valuable tool in writing to present complex ideas in a more accessible manner and to elaborate on the unique points of comparison between two disparate subjects.