Final answer:
The correct option is d. Microstressors.
Microstressors, or daily hassles, are minor irritations and annoyances that can impact our immediate health and psychological well-being. They include rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, inclement weather, and arguments with friends or family. Research has shown that the frequency of daily hassles is a better predictor of physical and psychological health than major life events. Interpersonal conflicts and negative interactions in close relationships can also be overwhelming and stressful.
Step-by-step explanation:
Microstressors, also known as daily hassles, are the minor irritations and annoyances that are part of our everyday lives and can have a significant impact on our immediate health and psychological well-being. These include rush hour traffic, lost keys, obnoxious coworkers, inclement weather, and arguments with friends or family.
Research has shown that the frequency of daily hassles is a better predictor of physical and psychological health than major life events. For example, a study of San Francisco residents found that daily hassles were more strongly associated with physical health problems than life change events.
Additionally, interpersonal conflicts and negative interactions in close relationships can be overwhelming and stressful, affecting both emotional and physical well-being.