Final answer:
It is false that developing a list of essential characteristics is important in the exemplar theory of concepts, as this theory relies on comparisons to known examples. It is also false that a theory becomes a law over time. Furthermore, it is true that Jefferson was influenced by John Locke in the Declaration of Independence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The exemplar theory of concepts suggests that instead of having a fixed set of essential characteristics, people categorize objects and ideas by comparing them to typical examples, or exemplars, that they have encountered in the past. So, regarding the exemplar theory, it is false that developing a list of essential characteristics is important, since this theory relies more on the comparison to known instances than on a rigid feature list.
Moreover, when a theory has been known for a long time, it does not automatically become a law. This is a false statement since a scientific law and a scientific theory are different kinds of knowledge and one does not turn into the other over time regardless of its age. Scientific laws typically describe natural phenomena, while theories explain how and why these phenomena occur.
In regard to the rationale behind the Declaration of Independence, it is true that Thomas Jefferson's reasoning was primarily influenced by the philosophy of John Locke.