Final answer:
The convergence of parallel lines to suggest the illusion of distance is called linear perspective. This artistic technique uses vanishing points where the lines appear to converge, creating depth on a two-dimensional surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
The convergence of parallel lines giving the feeling of distance is known as linear perspective. This technique is fundamental in creating a sense of depth on a two-dimensional surface. When parallel lines extend into the distance, they appear to converge at a point on the horizon known as the vanishing point. Famous paintings, architectural drawings, and photographs often use linear perspective to enhance the realism of the scene. It's a visual representation that mimics the way our eyes perceive the real world, with railroad tracks being a classic example. As these parallel lines recede, they seem to get closer and indeed converge, while the objects positioned along these lines also appear smaller as they get further away, reinforcing the illusion of depth.
An important term related to linear perspective is orthogonals, which are the straight lines that angle toward the vanishing point, guiding the viewer's eye into the perceived distance. Additionally, while the question focuses on linear perspective, it's noteworthy that other techniques such as atmospheric perspective also play a role in conveying depth, particularly in landscape paintings, where objects farther away appear grayer and less distinct due to the effects of the atmosphere.