Final answer:
Jason is most likely experiencing a nightmare during REM sleep, a stage with rapid eye movement and brain wave patterns similar to wakefulness where dreams and nightmares occur. so, option b is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Stages of Sleep and Nightmares
Jason, a ten-year-old, is most likely experiencing a nightmare during the REM sleep stage. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, a state of paralysis in voluntary muscles, and brain wave patterns similar to wakefulness. It is during this stage that dreaming occurs, and thus nightmares, a form of dreams, can happen. In contrast, Stage 2 sleep is indicated by sleep spindles and K-complexes, and is not typically associated with vivid dreams like those in REM sleep. Stage 3 sleep, or deep sleep, involves delta waves and makes it difficult to awaken a sleeper. Nightmares are less likely to occur in this stage due to the lower brain activity compared to REM sleep.
Jason, a ten-year-old, is most likely experiencing a nightmare during REM sleep. REM sleep is the stage of sleep in which we experience vivid dreams. It is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, and muscle paralysis. During REM sleep, our brain waves look similar to those observed when we are awake.