Final answer:
Memory is the capacity to retain information through encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process by which information gets into our memory system, while storage refers to the retention of encoded information. Retrieval is the act of accessing this information, making it available for use.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the textbook, memory is the ability to retain information over time through the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving. Essentially, memory is an information processing system that comprises three basic functions which are crucial for learning and recall.
Encoding is the initial stage where information enters our memory system. This can occur through automatic processing for mundane details or effortful processing for complex information. Storing refers to maintaining the encoded information in the brain, creating a permanent record of the data. Lastly, retrieval is the act of accessing the information from storage and bringing it into conscious awareness. There are various strategies to enhance memory retention such as using elaborative rehearsal, making material personally meaningful, applying distributed practice to allow for memory consolidation, and consistent rehearsal to strengthen memory over time.