Final answer:
During middle and late childhood, children typically refine their motor skills and coordination, although they also continue cognitive development by becoming more logical and organized in their thought processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : d
During the period of development known as "middle and late childhood," typically between the ages of 6-11 years old, a child undergoes significant growth and change. While rapid growth in height occurs more commonly during the adolescent growth spurt and the development of primary sexual characteristics happens during puberty, middle and late childhood is characterized by cognitive and physical changes. During this stage, children do not grow as quickly but do indeed refine their cognitive and motor skills. Cognitive skills become more logical and organized during this time.
Children learn to grasp the concept of time, allowing them to understand past, present, and future, and they start to think in more complex ways, such as understanding cause and effect or performing operations like addition and subtraction. While these are significant milestones, it's important to note that abstract reasoning skills typically develop during adolescence, in line with Jean Piaget's formal operational stage. Physically, children improve their gross motor skills and coordination. They become more agile, their balance improves, and they gain endurance. Skills such as riding a bike without training wheels are often accomplished during this period. The refinement of motor skills and muscle coordination is evident as movements become more controlled and graceful.