Final answer:
Reflexes (option B) are specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation. They are executed by primitive central nervous system centers like the spinal cord and are among the simplest nervous system responses. The integration of sensory stimuli in the cortex can generate these reflex actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reflexes (option B) are specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation. This is evident in situations where coordination of complex movements is not required, and the reaction is innate, such as the knee-je-rk reflex or withdrawing a hand from a hot surface. Reflexes involve more primitive centers of the central nervous system, like the spinal cord and the medulla, and are among the simplest circuits within the somatic nervous system.
Comparatively, instincts are more complex patterns of behavior that are also innate. Instinctual behaviors might involve the movement of the organism as a whole and engage higher brain centers. For example, birds migrating or spiders spinning webs are performing instinctual behaviors that, like reflexes, do not depend on learned behavior but are a response to stimuli.
Integration in the central nervous system is crucial as it involves the initial processing, associative processing, and then integration in the sensory areas of the cortex which can trigger a reflex action.