Final answer:
Self-actualization is the process of realizing personal potential and is the highest level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, distinct from self-efficacy, self-concept, and self-esteem. In adolescence, forming a positive self-concept is crucial, influenced by social interactions and the congruence between one's ideal and actual self.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of fully developing personal potentials is commonly referred to as self-actualization. It represents the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, and the achieving of personal dreams and aspirations. This concept was introduced by Abraham Maslow and is often depicted as the highest level on his hierarchy of needs, which represents various needs that motivate human behavior. Self-actualization is widely recognized in the field of psychology and is differentiated from self-efficacy, self-concept, and self-esteem. While self-efficacy refers to one's belief in their own abilities, self-concept is all of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves. On the other hand, self-esteem is the evaluation of our own worth. In the context of adolescence, self-concept is particularly important.
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the main task of adolescents is identity formation and achieving a coherent and positive self-concept. This stage is defined by the exploration of different identities and the understanding of oneself within a larger social context. Parents and educators can support the development of self-actualization by providing unconditional positive regard and encouraging self-exploration. This support helps individuals develop congruence between their ideal self and their actual behaviors, leading to a higher sense of self-worth and a more successful and fulfilling life. The idea that people's self-concept should be consistent with their actions is termed congruence.