Final answer:
Arousal is variable during normal daily activities and increases at times of excitement, emotion, or panic. Option b. variable; increases is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arousal is a dynamic process that undergoes fluctuations during different activities and emotional states. The correct answer is b. variable; increases. Arousal levels are not constant but vary depending on the nature of the activity or the emotional state experienced. During normal daily activities, arousal levels may be relatively stable, representing a baseline. However, during times of excitement, emotion, or panic, arousal tends to increase, signifying a heightened state of physiological and psychological activation.
The variability in arousal levels can be explained by the autonomic nervous system's involvement. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, leading to increased arousal by releasing adrenaline. This physiological response prepares the body for action, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness. Conversely, during routine daily activities, the parasympathetic nervous system may dominate, promoting a more relaxed state and contributing to a lower level of arousal.
Understanding the nuanced dynamics of arousal is crucial in fields such as psychology, sports science, and stress management. It highlights the adaptability of the human body and mind in responding to different stimuli. The concept of variable arousal emphasizes the importance of considering the context and emotional factors when studying or addressing psychological and physiological responses.