Question

One of the primary principles of punishment states that

a. punishment must be given contingently to be most effective.

b. punishment is much more effective than reinforcement.

c. punishment is really just another form of negative reinforcement.

d. punishment must never be given contingently.

Answer 1

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment are four consequences that can follow a behavior in operant conditioning. Each has a specific effect on behavior.

Step-by-step explanation:

In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment are four terms used to describe the consequences that follow a behavior. Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior, while negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior. On the other hand, positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior, and negative punishment involves removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior.