Final answer:
The trembling hands, tensed posture, and quivering voice experienced before making a speech represent physiological changes, which are a component of emotions that precede the actual feeling of emotion. The correct option is d. physiological changes
Step-by-step explanation:
When you are about to make a speech and experience trembling hands, a tense posture, and a quivering voice, these outward signs are indicative of physiological changes.
These changes are a component of emotion that reflects the body's response to your feelings. Physiological changes can include alterations in heart rate, sweating, and other bodily responses that arise during emotional events.
According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, these physiological responses are essential to experiencing emotions because they precede the emotional feeling itself. The correct option is d. physiological changes