Final answer:
A testable prediction derived from a theory is called a hypothesis, which is an essential aspect of the scientific process that helps refine theories through testing and evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
A testable prediction derived from a theory is termed a hypothesis. A hypothesis is crucial in the scientific method because it connects a theory with observable phenomena. When a hypothesis is formulated, it can be tested through experiments, and based on the outcomes, the theory may be refined. In other words, if an experiment does not support the hypothesis, the experiment can still be considered successful if it provides clear data and follows the scientific method. This is because it contributes to our understanding and might prompt further investigation or hypothesis revision.
For example, in the question regarding the theory of evolution, the word "theory" refers to a scientific explanation that has been repeatedly tested and supported by evidence, not just a simple guess or an untested hypothesis. When we say that a theory is supported by some experiments, we mean that the evidence so far corroborates the scientific explanations put forth by the theory.