Final answer:
Dr. Kincaid is conducting case study research by observing and documenting detailed information on three individuals who were autistic savants, which provides an in-depth understanding of the specific phenomenon.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dr. Kincaid, by carefully observing and compiling detailed files on three individuals who were autistic savants, is conducting case study research. Case study research is a detailed investigation of a single event, situation, or individual, allowing for a deep and thorough understanding of the subject matter. It entails various methods such as direct observation, interviews, examination of documents, and may also include participant observation.
While case studies can provide a precious amount of insight and rich information, they are also prone to challenges such as researcher bias and difficulties in generalizing findings to a larger population. This method offers an in-depth analysis invaluable for understanding exceptional individuals or unique cases that are not typical of the general population.