Final answer:
The Nazi Gestapo was responsible for rounding up French Jews and transporting them to extermination camps during the Holocaust. The French Resistance was involved in opposing the occupation, and various heroic individuals and movements attempted to save Jews from this fate.
Step-by-step explanation:
During World War II, the rounding up and transportation of French Jews to extermination camps was primarily conducted by the Nazi Gestapo and other German authorities, often with the collaboration of the Vichy French government. This tragedy is a stark episode in the Holocaust. The resistance movements, including the French Resistance, actively opposed the occupation and in some cases helped hide and protect Jews, while others, like the Red Cross and the British Royal Air Force, played different roles during the war.
Notably, Polish Jews faced an uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1943 that was crushed by the Germans, and acts of bravery from individuals like Irena Sendler and Oskar Schindler helped to save lives. Despite any efforts, the Nazis systematically deported and murdered millions of Jews in their pursuit of a Judenfrei, or 'Jew-Free,' Europe.