Final answer:
The question pertains to changes in the coefficients of an objective function within linear programming, affecting the solution's optimality. It also covers the impact of moving the objective lens in a microscope, which changes the magnification and can determine the orientation of the image as upright or inverted.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'Changing an objective coefficient within its allowable range usually has the following effect...' pertains to linear programming, a method used in mathematics and operations research for optimizing a linear objective function, subject to linear equality and linear inequality constraints. Adjusting an objective function coefficient within its permissible range while maintaining the existing set of feasible solutions (meaning no solutions are added or lost), will not change the overall feasibility of the model but instead affects the optimality of the current solution.
Moving the objective closer to or further from an object in the context of microscopes (during microscopy) pertains to physics and involves the manipulation of the microscope's magnification abilities. Adjusting the distance between the objective lens and the specimen will invariably alter the magnification, and by examining the optics involved, one can determine if the image will be upright or inverted.