Final answer:
Research on brain structures related to language has largely been derived from studying individuals who have suffered brain damage, including those with injuries to specific regions like Broca's and Wernicke's areas, which are central to language production and comprehension.
Step-by-step explanation:
Most of our knowledge about the brain structures of language has been obtained by studying patients who have suffered brain damage. Research has shown that specific regions in the brain, such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area, are critical for language production and comprehension, respectively. These areas are usually located in the left hemisphere for right-handed individuals and can sometimes be found in the right hemisphere for left-handed individuals. The understanding of these areas has primarily come from observing the impacts of brain injuries, strokes, or surgical interventions, such as the sectioning of the corpus callosum in split-brain patients. For instance, damage to Broca's area can result in aphasias, characterized by an impaired ability to produce language, whereas damage to Wernicke's area affects language comprehension.