Final answer:
The first goal of the Dog Aging Project, to understand aging in dogs, is being pursued through an observational study, and the second goal, to slow aging and increase healthy longevity, is approached with an intervention trial.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two goals of the Dog Aging Project are to understand aging in dogs, and to slow aging in dogs in order to increase healthy longevity. Accomplishing the first goal is being pursued through an observational study, where researchers collect data without interfering with the subjects of the study. This can include a range of measures such as monitoring veterinary records, genetic markers, or behavioral patterns in dogs as they age. The second goal is being pursued through an intervention trial, where researchers actively intervene and apply treatments or changes to a subset of the subjects to observe the effects of these interventions over time. These treatments could be dietary changes, medications, or other factors potentially related to aging and longevity in dogs.