Final answer:
semWait and semSignal are semaphore operations that handle resource access synchronization, while Dekker's and Peterson's Algorithms are software-based solutions for mutual exclusion in concurrent processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject matter in question pertains to the concept of synchronization mechanisms in operating systems and concurrent programming. Specifically, semWait and semSignal are operations used in the implementation of semaphores, which are utilized to solve critical section problems in concurrent processes. semWait is an operation that decrements the semaphore value and may block the process if the semaphore's value becomes negative, indicating the unavailability of the resource. In contrast, semSignal is the operation that increments the semaphore value and possibly wakes up a blocked process, signaling the availability of the resource. On the other hand, Dekker's Algorithm and Peterson's Algorithm are software-based solutions for ensuring mutual exclusion in concurrent programming without the use of semaphores. Dekker's Algorithm was one of the first solutions to the mutual exclusion problem in concurrent programming, but it is more complex and less frequently used in practice. Peterson's Algorithm, however, is a simpler and more commonly applied software method for achieving process synchronization and mutual exclusion in a two-process system.