Final answer:
Resource Competition (A) is the correct answer, referring to the scenario where multiple processes compete for limited resources such as I/O, memory, and processor time, potentially leading to issues like Deadlock and Starvation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When multiple processes are competing for the use of the same resources, such as I/O, memory, and processor time, certain issues can arise, including Deadlock, Starvation, and Mutual Exclusion. The correct answer to the given question is A) Resource Competition, which is a situation where multiple processes or threads vie for control of limited resources, which can lead to problems in system performance and operation.
Resource competition can manifest in various environments, not just in computing. In biology, competition refers to the relationship between two species or organisms that rely on the same limiting resources within their ecosystem, which can lead to one species outcompeting the other. Similarly, in economics, societies must address fundamental problems related to resource allocation and scarcity, which involve managing limited resources in the face of competing demands.