Final answer:
Consciousness does not typically include automatic functions managed by visceral senses unless they are strong enough to be perceived. Normal visceral senses like feeling blood pressure do not usually reach conscious awareness. so option d is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Consciousness includes awareness of external events, internal sensations, and the self; however, it does not include some automatic functions of the body, particularly those managed by the visceral senses, which do not normally rise to the level of conscious perception unless they are strong enough. Visceral senses, like the feeling of high blood pressure or blood sugar levels, are usually not part of our consciousness. When stronger visceral sensations make it to our awareness, like the discomfort from swallowing a large bolus of food or the sensation of very cold air entering the larynx and trachea, they can become part of our conscious experience.
Importantly, consciousness does not typically include automatic functions managed by visceral senses. We might not be aware of all internal bodily states unless they are severe enough to capture our attention. It's essential to differentiate between somatosensation, which involves sensation from skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints, from the visceral senses that pertain more to internal organ sensations.
Therefore, consciousness includes awareness of all of the following EXCEPT automatic functions managed by visceral senses that are not strong enough to be perceived consciously.