Final answer:
The correct answer is b. Wilhelm Wundt used a method called introspection to examine mental processes. Being the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist, Wundt's introspection was key in founding modern psychology despite its subjectivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Wilhelm Wundt used a method called introspection to examine his reactions to stimuli. Introspection involves a process where one observes and reports on their own thoughts and feelings. Wundt is credited with being the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist, and he established psychology as a scientific study of conscious experience.
His approach was to understand consciousness by breaking it down into its components through introspection, which he referred to as "internal perception." Despite its subjectivity and the variance it presented between individuals, Wundt's experimental introspection was crucial in the founding of modern psychology, which he furthered through the establishment of his psychology lab at the University at Leipzig.