Final answer:
Multithreading is the technique where a process is split into threads that run concurrently, sharing memory and resources within the same process and allowing for efficient use of CPU cores.
Step-by-step explanation:
Multithreading is a technique in which a process, executing an application, is divided into threads that can run concurrently. Each of these threads can be executed on a separate processor core, allowing for multiple threads to be executed at the same time, leading to better utilization of the CPU's resources and improved performance, especially on multi-core processors. Unlike multiprocessing, where each process runs independently and has its own memory space, threads within the same process share memory and resources, making communication between them more efficient.
In contrast, multiprocessing involves having multiple CPUs or CPU cores execute different processes at the same time. Parallel processing is closely related and can be part of multiprocessing, where multiple processors perform calculations simultaneously. Time-sharing, on the other hand, refers to the sharing of computing resources among many users by multitasking. None of these matches the definition in the question, as they do not specifically refer to the division of a single process into threads.