Final answer:
The scheduler is the component of an operating system responsible for memory management, memory allocation, and facilitating both monoprogramming and multiprogramming.
Step-by-step explanation:
Memory Management in Operating Systems
The answer to the student's question regarding who is responsible for memory management, memory allocation, and supports both monoprogramming and multiprogramming is (A) Scheduler. Memory management is a fundamental task performed by the operating system that involves allocating space in memory to processes, programs, or data structures. It also involves deallocating memory that is no longer in use and managing the transfer of data between memory and disk when memory is full, a process often called swapping.
The scheduler is a component of the operating system that is responsible for deciding which process runs at a given time. It manages the sequence of processes that are to be executed by the CPU, allocating the CPU to processes for defined time periods while also handling the transition between processes. In contrast, the other options, such as the dispatcher, are involved in the process of deciding which task to run next, but not specifically in memory management. The allocator would be a part of the memory management system, but it is a more general term that could refer to any mechanism that allocates resources.