Final answer:
In a hierarchical organization, the upper level is typically made up of senior management, which includes CEOs, directors, and top executives responsible for decision-making and strategy.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a hierarchical organization, the upper level typically consists of individuals who hold the highest authority and responsibilities within the structure. Senior management, such as CEOs, directors, and other top executives, usually make up the upper echelon of an organization. They are the decision-makers and carry the burden of strategizing and maintaining the overall health of the corporation or entity. These individuals must answer to the board members and ultimately to the stakeholders or stockholders, following a chain of command where each level has a defined role and set of responsibilities that contribute to the efficient functioning of the organization.
Accordingly, the correct answer to the question is B) Senior management. This segment of the organization is empowered to make broad decisions, set objectives, and manage the overall direction of the company or institution they serve.