Final answer:
The term for the enormous volume of data from Internet activity like web traffic, email, and social media is Big Data. It represents large-scale collections of data used to uncover patterns and trends, especially in human behavior, and is pivotal in fields like astronomy and agriculture where it facilitates informed decision-making.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enormous volume of data generated by Internet activity such as web traffic, email, and social media is referred to as Big Data. This term encompasses the vast amount of data that is collected, processed, and analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions. The scale of Big Data is exemplified by projects like the Sloan Survey, which generated an amount of data equivalent to the information contained in the Library of Congress. In modern agriculture, farmers utilize data streams from global positioning systems (GPS), historical rainfall patterns, and weather monitoring services to make informed decisions about planting and harvesting. These examples highlight the critical role of Big Data in various fields, necessitating advanced computer algorithms and supercomputers for efficient data processing.