Final answer:
The author considers the printing press as the most pivotal invention, with Johannes Gutenberg's version playing a crucial role in reducing illiteracy and the dissemination of knowledge, impacting the Renaissance and the Reformation.option a is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the provided information, the author deems the printing press as the most important invention during the time period. Although other inventions such as the steam engine and the compass had significant impacts, the printing press, especially Gutenberg's version, is highlighted for its profound effect on literacy and the spread of knowledge. The advent of Gutenberg’s press made books more accessible, leading to a decrease in illiteracy and a spread of information that fueled the Renaissance and the Reformation.
Robert Fulton is historically known for his contribution to steamship engine technology. The steam engine itself revolutionized transportation and manufacturing, but for the scope of this specific question, the printing press is considered paramount. Furthermore, during the Industrial Revolution, technological advances included the development of steam-powered transportation and industrial machinery, contributing to economic growth and societal change.