Final answer:
The Stuart ruler deposed in the Glorious Revolution was James II. He was overthrown by the Whigs in late 1688 and replaced by William III and Mary in 1689.
Step-by-step explanation:
During what is known as the Glorious Revolution, the Stuart ruler James II was deposed. His actions as a Catholic monarch, such as appointing Roman Catholics to key positions and suspending laws, culminated in his opponents, the Whigs, orchestrating his overthrow. In late 1688, they were successful, and James II fled to France as William III of Orange and his wife Mary ascended to the throne in 1689. Thus, the correct answer to which Stuart ruler was deposed in the Glorious Revolution is C. James II.